Voces Universitarias | Por Víctor Cantero Flores*
La UNESCO reconoce ocho competencias clave transversales que toda persona debe adquirir para constituirse en un “ciudadana de sostenibilidad”, es decir, una persona cuyos esfuerzos estén encaminados a cumplir los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible planteados por la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU (UNESCO, 2017, 10). Una de ellas el pensamiento crítico. En el contexto de la Agenda 2030, comprende la capacidad para cuestionar críticamente normas, prácticas y opiniones; reflexionar sobre los valores, percepciones y acciones propias; y, en particular, adoptar una postura crítica con respecto al discurso mismo de la sostenibilidad. Ser crítico de las opiniones propias y de los demás requiere una variedad de habilidades argumentativas básicas. Por el lado de los conocimientos y habilidades, es importante ser capaz de reconocer argumentos, analizarlos, identificar sus partes y estructura, evaluarlos racionalmente y con justicia. No solo eso, nosotros mismos debemos ofrecer los mejores argumentos a favor de nuestras creencias y acciones. Del lado de los valores y actitudes, es crucial que la persona se asuma como una persona crítica, inmersa en lo que algunos han llamado el “juego del pedir y dar razones”; ser responsable de las creencias propias y ajenas y evaluarlas con los mejores argumentos y evidencia disponibles. El cultivo del pensamiento crítico, como señala Martha Nussbaum, es un ingrediente crucial en la conformación de ciudadanía y la consolidación de estados democráticos (Nussbaum, 2010, 10). Trabaja transversalmente en el alcance y logro de los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible.
Promover esta gama de habilidades entre la población y, en particular, entre las generaciones jóvenes es un gran reto. La Universidad del Caribe, que ha refrendado sus compromisos con una educación para el desarrollo sostenible, no evade este reto y lo asume con cabalidad. A través del Departamento de Desarrollo Humano, imparte de manera transversal la asignatura “Desarrollo de Habilidades del Pensamiento”. Entre sus varios objetivos, se encuentra transmitir los conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores del pensamiento crítico a toda la comunidad de estudiantes, sin importar el programa educativo que cursen. El objetivo es que los estudiantes y egresados de la Universidad sean agentes críticos y lleven lo aprendido a sus distintos ámbitos de acción. Se busca generar una cultura crítica, donde los intercambios argumentativos razonables, respetuosos, colaborativos, que buscan el consenso razonado, sean la nota común. Llevamos ya un camino andado y toda la comunidad de la Universidad del Caribe une fuerzas para continuarlo.
Referencias
Nussbaum, M. (2010). Not for profit. Princeton: Princeton University Press. UNESCO. (2017). Educación para los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Objetivos de aprendizaje. Place de Fontenoy: UNESCO.
* Doctor en filosofía por la University of Sheffield, Reino Unido. Profesor-investigador de tiempo completo del Departamento de Desarrollo Humano, Universidad del Caribe, Cancún, Quintana Roo.
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The UN's Agenda 2030 seems ambitious but necessary. It's not just about agreeing; it's about questioning everything, even the idea of sustainability itself! Reminds me of when our team's project was failing, and everyone just kept nodding along. Only when I questioned the core assumptions, suggesting a radical shift in approach did we recover. That situation was like a real life Slope Game, figuring out the angles to survive!
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